SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF OBJECTS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Kazakhstan is a country rich in historical heritage, cultural values, traditions and customs.

Since the Republic of Kazakhstan's formation as a sovereign state, preserving its historical and cultural heritage has become one of the country's primary state objectives. A number of state programs aimed at ensuring the preservation of historical and cultural heritage have been adopted in the country. For example, the state program «cultural heritage»  is a set of measures that form a whole system for the discovery of new historical and cultural monuments, restoration and reconstruction of important historical and cultural objects, and the study of the country's cultural heritage. Within the framework of the program, a large-scale inventory of domestic historical and cultural monuments was conducted, resulting in the approval of state lists comprising 218 national monuments and 11,277 local monuments of culture. The UNESCO World Heritage list includes the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and petroglyphs of the Tamgaly archaeological landscape, as well as the Natural Heritage Site «Saryarka-steppes and lakes of Northern Kazakhstan».

The norms of law regulating land for historical and cultural purposes regulate the relations of Use and protection of land for historical and cultural purposes as a natural resource in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the rational use of land, and the exercise of the rights and legitimate interests of subjects of land relations.

The purpose of the study is to identify the legal aspects of official recognition, rational use, and protection of objects of historical and cultural heritage.

In the article, the authors try to reflect their distinctive features in the official recognition of objects of historical and cultural heritage. According to the authors, firstly, objects of historical and cultural heritage first of all, these are real estate objects, because these objects are inextricably linked with the land and it is impossible for them to function without the use of land. Secondly, there is a history of the formation and development of objects of historical and cultural heritage. Thirdly, objects of historical and cultural heritage are not only real estate objects, but also objects of value from the point of view of history, archeology, architecture, urban planning, art, science, ethnology, anthropology, and culture.

Keywords: historical and cultural heritage, cultural monuments, objects of historical and cultural heritage, cultural value.